Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales

The complexity and goals of resistances can be found all through fantasies. In â€Å"The Three Little Birds†, an unmistakable clash among great and malice is framed. Great is made out of the one more established sister, while detestable is shown by the two more youthful sisters. The fantasy at that point keeps on setting great in opposition to underhanded through the activities of the sisters. For this situation, as such a large number of other fantasies, underhanded has a transitory triumph while great triumphs at long last. In the start of the story, a ruler going with his pastors through the wide open crossed the ways of three sisters. After two experiences, the ruler proposed to the oldest sister and he further recommended that the two more youthful sisters wed the two clergymen, which they did. After a short time, the oldest sister got pregnant with the king’s youngster. Nonetheless, the lord expected to leave his territory, so he asked his wife’s two more youthful sisters to come and remain in the mansion to comfort his significant other. The sovereign conceived an offspring while the ruler was away however since the two sisters were desirous of their most seasoned sister, they tossed the infant in a waterway. While they did this, a winged animal showed up and sang, â€Å"Get prepared for your demise. I’ll see what I can do. Prepare for the wreath. Daring kid, would that be able to be you.† When the ruler returned, they revealed to him that his significant other brought f orth a canine. The ruler answered that â€Å"Whatever God does is consistently for the best.† Shortly after, the spouse brought forth another child and again the lord was away. The remorseless sisters indeed took the powerless youngster, through him in the stream, heard a similar melody from a little winged animal, and told the ruler that his sovereign brought forth one more canine. Once more, he took confidence in G-d and expected that He should have an explanation. At last, after the sovereign â€Å"gave birth† to one more creature (a feline), the ruler didn't have a similar response. He became enraged and tossed his guiltless spouse behind bars for disrespecting him. Fortunately for the king’s kids, e... Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales Free Essays on Oppisitions In Fairy Tales The differentiation and goals of restrictions can be found all through fantasies. In â€Å"The Three Little Birds†, an unmistakable clash among great and malevolence is shaped. Great is made out of the one more seasoned sister, while underhanded is shown by the two more youthful sisters. The fantasy at that point keeps on setting great in opposition to insidious through the activities of the sisters. For this situation, as such a significant number of other fantasies, underhanded has a brief triumph while great triumphs at long last. In the start of the story, a lord going with his clergymen through the wide open crossed the ways of three sisters. After two experiences, the ruler proposed to the oldest sister and he further recommended that the two more youthful sisters wed the two clergymen, which they did. After a short time, the oldest sister got pregnant with the king’s kid. In any case, the ruler expected to leave his property, so he asked his wife’s two more youthful sisters to come and remain in the manor to comfort his better half. The sovereign conceived an offspring while the lord was away yet since the two sisters were envious of their most seasoned sister, they tossed the child in a stream. While they did this, a winged animal showed up and sang, â€Å"Get prepared for your passing. I’ll see what I can do. Prepare for the wreath. Courageous kid, would that be able to be you.† When the lord returned, they disclosed to him that his significant other brought forth a canine. Th e lord answered that â€Å"Whatever God does is consistently for the best.† Shortly after, the spouse brought forth another child and again the ruler was away. The savage sisters by and by took the defenseless kid, through him in the stream, heard a similar tune from a little feathered creature, and told the lord that his sovereign brought forth one more canine. Once more, he took confidence in G-d and accepted that He should have an explanation. At long last, after the sovereign â€Å"gave birth† to one more creature (a feline), the ruler didn't have a similar response. He became irate and tossed his blameless spouse behind bars for disrespecting him. Fortunately for the king’s youngsters, e...

The Net Present Value (NPV) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Net Present Value (NPV) - Assignment Example In this way, limiting gives us the current estimation of cash that is therefore helpful in deciding the net present estimation of some random venture. d) Approximately 25% markdown rate gives a zero NPV. This rate is the Internal Rate of Return and rates beneath this give a positive NPV subsequently indicating the practicality of a venture. Then again, rates above 25% give a negative NPV and such tasks ought not be embraced. This model could be reached out by including the impact of the vitality bill on an individual’s extra cash. The higher the bill, the higher the cost ramifications on the individual’s net extra cash. A Decision Support System (DSS) is a PC based data framework that is utilized in associations to help with deciding. A DSS is an intuitive automated framework that bolsters the dynamic exercises of leaders utilizing innovation, reports, information and information to finish their errands. The 2012 London Olympics included a great deal of calculated game plans that the coordinators needed to consider all together for the games to be a triumph. One part of the games that must be deliberately arranged out was transport. Given the quantity of individuals that ran the nation and the city of London specifically, the vehicle foundation must be very much spread out so that there was organization in the city. The street arrange, open vehicle and the impacts of upsetting vehicle for organizations and different administrations must be specifically compelling to the coordinators of the games. Extra or new assets must be sent in the zones identified with occurrence location and furthermore the DSS for arrange directors. The vehicle inheritance after the games ought to be of three kinds. Above all else is the physical foundation that would be made to upgrade the rail and street systems and vehicle armadas. There are additionally the improvements to the activities and frameworks by planning and sending best in class procedures so as to identify

The Luxuries People Cant Live Without

The Luxuries People Can’t Live Without As people continue to navigate their gradually crowded lives, the things which people say they cannot live without have increased in the past few years.This is according to a recent research by Pew Research Center, which wanted to know whether some of the everyday products used by a consumer are necessities or luxuries.Even though some of the items like home computers and TVs have been transformed from luxuries to necessities, other items like dishwashers, microwave ovens, cars and air conditioners for homes are perceived as luxuries rather than necessities.So, what are the luxuries which people can’t live without?LUXURIES DEFINEDLuxury goods, or also referred too as luxuries, are products or services are the unnecessary and expensive things which are not important, but people believe that these things can improve their lives or make it more pleasant.Many people who like luxury goods and services are always ready to spend as much as they can for these goods and services.From the ab ove definition, we can note that luxuries are not things which are just desirable, but also things which are expensive. This tells us that many people like luxuries not for the satisfaction they offer, but also the symbol of status which comes with these luxuries.For instance, fur coats are considered valuable since they look nice and give the wearer the desired warmth. iPods are valuable because they allow their users to store all their favorite songs in them.However, what makes many people desire to own these items is the price tags associated with them which are considerably high. Because not every person can afford these luxury products, owning one of these is considered a way of showing your wealth as well as position in the society.One thing you need to understand about luxuries is that their demand is highly elastic.That is, the goods and services are very sensitive to any changes happening in the economic environment compared to other goods and services. If the consumers’ income or the price of the luxuries change, the degree in which their demand moves up and down is significant.For example, if the price of a luxury Bahamas vacation reduces by 15%, the demand, on the other hand, tends to increase by over 15%.It is good to understand that luxury goods and services are the first things people consider cutting down if their income is reduced.LUXURIES VS. NECESSITIESLuxuries contrast with necessities like bread or milk, which the consumer continues to demand in the same quantities irrespective of whether their income grows or shrinks.Luxuries are usually costlier compared to other goods and services. Because of that reason, luxury goods and services are consumed by individuals considered to have high disposable income on a regular basis than those individuals who are in the lower ranks of the socio-economic ladder.In a recent study, over 1,000 people were asked which luxuries people could or could not live without. Expectedly, the first item which most people mentioned was a nice towel.However, when it came to things like traveling, Netflix, food delivery, coffee and other items in the same category, it became a challenge for the people to make a decision.From domestic travel to Wi-Fi, there are things which we cannot consider living without. However, if people were given a chance to choose between Spotify and Netflix, it turns most of the people would prefer Netflix.The top two items which most people said they couldnt live without is a smartphone and Wi-Fi, and this wasnt a surprise.These two items were followed closely by a comfortable mattress, and a dryer, which many people categorized them as must-have items.Regarding health and fitness, people chose to buy lunch and eating out than going to a gym. When they were asked to choose between coffee and alcohol, most people chose coffee.A survey conducted recently in the US revealed the top luxuries people can’t live without. Some of these luxuries include:Hair straightenersWine CoffeeTVSmartphoneTeaDuvetHome heaterMicrowaveWi-FiVEBLEN GOODSOne particular type of luxury goods is known as Veblen goods. This type of luxury goods is named a Thorstein Veblen, a famous economist who came up with the term ‘conspicuous consumption.For ordinary goods, their demand falls as their price goes up. That is, if the price goes up, fewer people are likely to buy the good.However, in the case of Veblen goods, the higher the price, the higher the possibility that people will buy the product. The reason behind this is that people believe that a higher price symbolizes higher quality.Generally, most people use Veblen goods to showcase their status in the society.Examples of Veblen goods include luxury cars, designer clothes, and original artworks.Veblen goods can also be items which are scarce, thus making competition for such goods high.These goods are referred to as positional goods. A good example of this is studying at a world-class university like Yale, Harvard or Oxfor d. People spend money on positional goods to establish their position in the society.These goods at times help these people to hold on to such positions.MAJOR TYPES OF LUXURY PRODUCTSThe marketing strategies for every luxury products usually differ to some extent between each product. That is the reason why all significant types of luxury products are differentiated into the following categories:Personal and impersonal luxury goodsPersonal luxury goods are categorized as luxury goods that consumers use for them to maintain a particular self-image. Those who use personal luxury goods are known to continue building their personal connection with these goods.Examples of personal luxury products include wristwatches, glasses, and apparels.On the other hand, impersonal luxury products dont create too much connection with the user.Examples of impersonal luxury products include garden furnishing and bathroom or kitchen equipment.Publicly and privately expended luxury productsThis category of luxury products is differentiated by the social setting of their consumption.Publicly consumed luxury goods are like cars and clothes, which are seen by others while privately consumed luxury products are like household items which are not seen by many people.For the above category of products, their categorization depends on the situation of their usage. For instance, expensive wine is usually consumed in restaurants or by a person in his or her home.Accessible and exceptional luxury goodsAccessible and exceptional luxury goods can be distinguished according to their market prices, as it affects the consumption rate as well as acceptance level in the market.For instance, accessible luxury products like jewelry can be affordable to most people from time to time, but exceptional luxury products like yachts are affordable to only a few peopleâ€"this means a yacht is inaccessible for many people.Conspicuous and understated luxury goodsThis category of luxury products is usually dist inguished by their percentage of conspicuous attributes. Producers of conspicuous luxury products usually focus on their price, that is, making the product image to be expensive.That is the reason why conspicuous luxury products are usually equipped with typical wealth symbols, rich decoration, big logos and high prices. For conspicuous luxury products, it’s all about their symbols, not substance.The La Modernista Diamonds is a good example of conspicuous luxury good. It is a fountain pen which works with common ink cartridges, but it is overpriced because it is decorated with 96 rubies and 5.072 diamonds.Understated luxury goods, on the other hand, are luxury products which are known to hide their conspicuous attributes.Examples of these products include Bottega Veneta and Jil Sander.Even though these products dont have any logo, they possess a characteristic design which can be recognized by their users very easily, thus making these products the best for conspicuous consumption by connoisseurs.However, the major difference between understated products and their conspicuous consumption is considered sophisticated.Luxury products can also be categorized according to their production volume and exclusivity, and this matches their production methods. These products can be put into the following categories:Unique pieces â€" this category characterizes the ideal luxury segments, and most of the unique pieces are usually masterpieces created and perfected in a manner which cannot be surpassed.Limited editions â€" this is still close to the unique products but involves products which are of a limited edition. For example, the Guerlain Kiss Diamant which was only produced in a limited number of 100 pieces only. Limited-diffusion products â€" these products are very rare, and their rarity depends on the complexity of their production which requires high levels of craftsmanship and handwork. Examples of limited-diffusion products include Maybach cars, Meissen porce lain items, and Gucci Bamboo Bags.Expanded-diffusion products â€" even though the production volume of such products is somehow limited compared to mass-market products, the production process of these products resembles the serial production of mass-market. Examples of expanded-diffusion productions include Porsche cars, Dolce Gabbana jeans wear, and Poggenpohl kitchens.The pyramid of luxury goods and their accessibility Source: Heine, K., (2012). Types of Luxury Brands [Web log post]. Retrieved January 25, 2018, from ConceptofluxurybrandsLUXURY BRANDSYou can easily identify luxury brands, especially Veblen goods through their labels. The Forbes magazine defines luxury brands as those brands which give people style and status, in addition to their mere functionality.This is the reason counterfeit versions of these luxury brands are so prevalent in the market today.Designers of the counterfeit goods usually hope to cash in from the prestige of the designer’s label without even having to make significant investments on quality materials to make these goods. Luxury brands are categorized into:Luxury brands according to their luxury levelAs we’ve seen earlier, the degree of a brand’s luxuriousness depends on the major luxury proportions, thus being one of the means of differentiating luxury brands.Therefore, luxury brands can be split into the following:Entry level luxury brands â€" these luxury br ands rank fairly above the top part of the lowest luxury level. The products are not even recognized as the luxury segment’s member. Examples of such products include Mercedes and Hugo Boss.Medium level luxury brands â€" these luxury brands are well recognized to be members in the luxury section. However, these brands are a bit behinds the luxurys forefront. Examples of these products include Moschino, Dolce Gabbana and Escada.Top level luxury brands â€" leading luxury brands are usually established as luxury leading brands. Examples of such brands include Louis Vuitton, Cartier, and Armani.Elite level luxury brands â€" these are also known as niche brands and are usually on top of the top luxury segment. The brands determine the standard of the highest exclusivity and best quality within the brands category. For example, Puiforcat is considered an elite luxury level brand in silverware category.Luxury brands are ranked according to the degree of luxury. That is, the luxury brand is usually listed in contrast to other luxury brands.How luxury brands are categorized usually changes from time to time. That means no particular luxury brand is assured of staying on top of the ladder for a particular time.Luxury brands according to their awarenessA luxury brand can also be categorized according to their brand awareness. These brands can be put into two categories; star and connoisseur brands.This segmentation is of the utmost importance for managing the brands, as the marketing strategies of these brands are partly contradicting.Connoisseur brands â€" these are considered awareness brands that are limited and can only be found in a particular market niche. Connoisseurs make these brands for connoisseurs, and the awareness level of these brands doesnt go beyond their target group. These brands are also known as network brands, as friends at times recommend them via word of mouth.Star brands â€" these brands, on the other hand, aim for optimum brand awareness way past their target group. Although only a few people buy star brands, their manufacturers prefer these brands to be known by everybody. One of the major motives of their consumers is to showcase their wealth to others, mostly those who can’t afford products from the brand. TYPES OF LUXURY BRANDSLuxury brands can be divided according to the products they offer. These following are the five types of luxury brands.Prestige brands â€" these brands provide or showcase top levels of craftsmanship and creativity. Because of prestige brand’s rich heritage and history, they have loyal followers. Because of that, prestige brands are already established symbols of status. These brands don’t follow the shifting market trends.Masstige brands â€" masstige is derived from prestige for masses. These brands are linked to ownership of products of a particular brand name. Prestige brands use the masstige strategy to increase their sales volume.Premium brands â€" what differentiated premium brands from prestige brands is just a matter of degree, which is always blurry. Also, we can say that it is just a matter of preference.Boutique brands â€" these brands are known honor the true meaning of luxury.Fashion brands â€" these are the prevalent trend-setters, which address the needs of everyone regardless of whether they are of high-quality or not. Fashion brands are known to create trends with their seasons and collections and still come up with products which are timeless.CATEGORIES OF LUXURY BRANDSLuxury brands can be put into the following categories:Clothing â€" clothes are some of the times which draw the line between luxury and necessity. Everybody needs to be dressed, but designer clothes usually offer status which your local store clothes can’t.Leather products â€" just like clothes, shoes, which are also a necessity can turn out to be a luxury. Some of the clothing designers also sell handbags and shoes, but there are brands which are specifically known for their lea ther products.Jewelry â€" unlike footwear and clothing, which everybody needs to own in one way or another, its not a must for everybody to wear jewelry. This puts jewelry in the luxury category, even though there are some jewelry brands which are valued more than others.The following diagram is an illustration of the different types of luxury brands according to their awareness, luxury level, and business volume. Source: Heine, K., (2012). Types of Luxury Brands [Web log post]. Retrieved January 25, 2018, from ConceptofluxurybrandsLUXURY SERVICESAlso, luxuries not only include goods, but they also include services. Examples of luxury services include flying in first class, using limousine services, butler services and paying for private tuitions for your child.THE PSYCHOLOGY BEHIND CONSUMPTION OF LUXURY GOODS AND SERVICESToday, buying a luxury product or using a luxury service is no longer an issue for many of us. In fact, buying a designer handbag is the same as buying a pair of shoes from Walmart.Luxury goods have an undeniable physical appeal, but their prices usually put-off a lot of people. However, regardless of all that, people will still buy luxury products or use luxury services.Researchers have realized that there is a psychology behind that. So, whats the psychology behind the consumption of these goods and services?The illogical consumerResearch has revealed that people can’t be have logically, even after considering the amount of debt they have, they tend not to act according to their financial interests.For instance, buying or using luxury products and services is an example of how illogical people can be. A good and durable handbag costs an average of $50, but there are those who still want to spend thousands of dollars in buying a brand name. For what reason?People tend to concentrate on the positive aspects of a product and overlook its disadvantages. This in turns works favor of companies and marketing departments dealing with luxury goods.Many people consider non-luxury goods to be inferior, and thus they tend to point out the negatives of such goods. Luxury consumers believe that the higher the price, the better the quality, and because of that they end up spending illogically with the notion that whatever they will get will be better than cheaper products from other companies.Self-esteemA recent study conducted by the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology revealed that low self-esteem is amongst the major reasons why individuals purchase luxury products which they cannot afford.Most individuals with low incomes believe that buying a luxury product can help them to increase their self-esteem. Also, people like to buy luxury products to with the intention of showing off their accomplishment.Authenticity mattersThere is a reason why illogical people decide to buy authentic products rather than fake ones, which still serve the same purpose.Despite these products appearing to be the same, the owner knows that the product cant offer the luxury feeling he or she desires.The species of luxury a consumerWith the consumption of luxury goods on the rise, many companies and brands producing these services are preoccupied with the mythical of a luxury consumer. That is according to BCG Research, which studied six luxury markets.The consumer is considered a young, wealthy and beautiful spender who is willing and prone to buy anything j ust to satisfy his or her desires. This luxury consumer is divided into five different species, and each species experiences financial crisis differently. According to BCG Research, these five species are:The aspirationals â€" these consumers account for four out five luxury purchases. Individually, the consumers are not big spenders, but statistics indicate that they account for close to a third of nearly all extravagance spending. According to the research, there are close to 115 million aspirational households which have been studied in the market.Rising middle class â€" these consumers are considered somehow wealthier than the actual middle class is. The consumers account for around 25% of all luxury spending. The research revealed that there is over 25 million rising middle class in the markets which have been studied. These consumers use most their money to buy fragrances, cosmetics and they love leather products.New money households â€" they account for around a third of the luxury market, and they like clothing and fashion. There are six million new money households in the markets studied.Old money households â€" this species is considered to have inherited its wealth, and they like to spend. The old money households account for 7% of all luxury sales. The number of old money households in the markets studied average one million.Beyond money households â€" these consumers are considered self-made, and they spurn status spending as tasteless and ostentatious. When they decide to spend, they like to buy furniture décors, jewelry, and watches. There are around half a million beyond-money households in the markets studied.The first three species have really changed because of the financial crisis. As they grow tired of more stuff or their money becomes tight, they start to question why they spend on luxuries. Because of that, they become thrifty, and they start to look only for more value, inconspicuous brands, and discounts.THE EMOTIONAL END-BENEFITS OF LUXURYWhen asked about luxuries, most people mention high costs, unique designs, limited distribution and great quality.For these people, these are some of the characteristics which draw the line between luxury and non-luxury products and services. Also, as we’ve seen earlier, consumers buy luxury goods because of psychological factors, particularly emotions.Neuroscience states that a persons emotions which are associated with his or her judgments lead them in the decision-making process. Our emotions are parts of rationality as they help in revealing things which are important to us.Studies have revealed most decisions to buy luxury products are emotional.Therefore, how a luxury consumer perceives a certain luxury brand gives him or her the emotional end-benefit of purchasing and owning that product. So, what are these emotional end-benefits?The end-benefit of who I amThe emotional end-benefits affect a consumers idea of how they view themselves, and this plays a critical role in their motivation to buy a luxury product.The drive to buy luxury goods mostly comes from the perceptions of social comparisons, ideal self, self-motivation, and self-identity.The end-benefit of how I feelThis is another different psychological motivation found insurers, particularly the ones with a deeper connection with luxuries.Mostly, this is evident in consumers with significant financial gains, and it comprises of high-end luxury goods. Luxury is an integral part of these consumers lifestyle.The consumers experience security, confidence, emotions of trust, and contentment, all because of trust. All these emotions come from the notion that their luxuries are timeless and authentic.CONCLUSIONPeople will always buy luxury products or use luxury services for different reasons. Most of these reasons are connected to the strong emotions that people attach to the luxuries they love.Whether a person is financially stable or not, he or she will buy or use a luxury, just to show off or gain some level of acceptance from other people who use luxuries.

Essay on Great depression - 1599 Words

University of Phoenix Material The Great Depression Part 1 Complete the chart by filling in each president’s views on the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt Causes of the Great Depression *Weak agricultural and industrial growth in the US was due to foreign competition with domestic businesses, and a solution that helped both domestic and foreign economies grow mutually was not necessary. *The lack of individual and voluntary response to the depression, especially response from industry leaders, was the issue, and policies regarding â€Å"CEO philanthropy† should be encouraged in lieu of federal intervention. *Lack of employment was due to a lack of public projects and improvements which†¦show more content†¦The first act FDR passed was the Emergency Banking Reliefs Act. That gave the federal government control over the banks. The next significant act passed was the, National Industrial Recovery Act. Another significant act that Roosevelt pushed for was the National Labor Relations Act. The Social Security act played a huge role in America. One of the more significant acts passed was the Aid to Department Children act. Success or failure of his program and why After everything president hoover tried and came up with some of his policies worked and most did not. He helps millions of people but did not end the great depression and most of his programs were failures. Most of the acts passed in the 1900’s by president Roosevelt were all significant, but some more than others but they were all created to improve the country and the people who work and live here. The National Industrial Recovery Act which was a union created to regulate industries and improve the working conditions of the factory workers. The National Labor Relations Act was put in place to oversee industrial compliance and to resolve employee grievances against management (K.M. Schultz, 2012 para 50). But the Social Security Act was one of the most important acts passed at that time because it was government benefits to help disable workers or people who could not work. Aid to Department Children Act wasShow MoreRelatedThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfar-reaching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted unti l 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president and made extensive changes to America’s political structure. The effects of the Great Depression had lasting consequences that areRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think that the stock crash was to blame for the Great Depression but that is not correct. Both the crash and depression were the result of problems with the economy that were still underneath society s minds. The depression affected people in a series of ways: poverty is spreading causing farm distress, unemployment, health, family stresses and unfortunately, discrimination increases. America tended to blame Hoover for the depression and all the problems. When the 1932 election came peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreThe Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the crash Before the start of the great depression the United States was a country of great economic wealth, with new technology being invented and a boom in industry. Due to a boom in America’s Industry because of World War One the economy was at an all-time high with a tremendous amount of prosperity. Following the end of world war one the industrial might that America had was being used for peaceful, domestic purposes instead of being used for violence and war. New technologies like carsRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression2071 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor on the 30th January 1933. The Depression did play a vital role in this, however other factors such as the Nazis propaganda, the resentment of the Weimar republic and the political situation of 1932-1933 also contributed to his success. Before the Great Depression, the Nazis gained 12 seats and 2.6% of the vote in the May election of 1928. Despite this, by July 1932, Hitler gained 230 seats and 37.3% of the vote in the Reichstag. This is a dramaticRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreThe Great Depression1551 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the most devastating events recorded in history. The nation as a whole plummeted in one econ omic downfall. Few individuals escaped the effects of the depression. The hardship of unemployment and the loss of homes and farms were a large portion of the pain caused by the economic crisis. Through all of these sufferings, women had a large impact on society. Women faced heavy discrimination and social criticism during the Depression Even though through research it is provenRead MoreThe Great Depression1186 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends is the true definition of of what the Great Depression really was. It was a time that most people want to never remember or ever happen again. You would think the United States would have learned from their mistakes but it seems we are going down the same road once again without even taking a step back and realizing it. When people talk about the Great Depression not a single person will have anything good to say about it. It caused families a great deal of pain that they will never forget. WithRead MoreThe Great Depression1368 Words   |  6 PagesAfter WW1 the Great Depression had a very late impact on the major film companies in France, when it did, it unfortunately caused several film studios to go bankrupt, then in the late 1920’s to 1930’s many small film companies and groups emerged giving birth to the tendency called poetic realism. Because the large companies who made films with a focus on making money were gone the filmmakers and artists were able to concern themselves with the art of film, they often took poetic innovations thatRead MoreThe Great Depression1133 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† is a famous quote once said during the Great Depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt. After one world war, great financial fallout, and another world war to follow, the twentieth century was already shaping out to be a handful. When the Great Depression was coming to an end and the economy was trying to turn around, jobs started opening up and a new wave of imm igrants came into New York, the Puerto Ricans. For some the American dream was to come to

Benefits Of Equal Pay Today Essay - 1304 Words

Equal Pay Today Josephine Vu Professor Franks American Studies 1B 7 May 2015 In our competitive and capitalistic society, it is universally imperative that jobs provide decent wages for workers. However, not all Americans are fairly paid for their work. The wages of working women—in particular, women of color—continue to fall short in comparison to the pay of their male counterparts. Their gender and race work together to deprive these women of economic security. Women of color earn less than white women for the same job, which means they have to work longer hours to earn the same amount of money as white women; they work even longer to match the earnings of white men. Because of this gap, families of color have trouble accumulating wealth, which affects their role and how they are viewed in society. According to the Pew Research Center, women make up about half of all workers in the U.S. labor force and, of the mothers in the labor force, the majority are the primary source of income for their families. In 2010, 13.1% of women in the workforce were black, 4.7% % were Asian, and 12.8% were Latina. Women of color are increasingly becoming the main source of income in their families—53.3% of black households and 40.1% of Latino households. Women of color are disproportionately hurt by the gender-based wage gap. They are more likely to work in low paying jobs, face unemployment, and live in poverty. Women, in general, make 77 cents for every dollar a manShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality During World War II1686 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace Introduction For several decades, gender inequality in the workplace has been a problematic topic for discussion. In terms of higher management and pay, some may agree to disagree that women are getting the shorter end of the stick. There is a significant difference in the salary and positions women are obtaining in large companies or corporations. Does that stir up the question, what is it that men are doing better than women? Or are women lacking certain qualitiesRead MoreWomen Have Made Significant Strides In Society, Proving1292 Words   |  6 Pagesworkforce. However, while women are making equal contributions, men and women are not earning equal wages. Even though the Equal Pay Act was established in 1963, women continue to earn lower wages than men over half a century later. This inequality not only affects women as individuals but has a detrimental effect on the national economy. The gender wage gap in the United States should end because it is unjust; correcting it would have social an d economic benefits for the U.S. Gender wage discriminationRead MoreWomens Unequal Pay1333 Words   |  5 Pages Women’s Unequal Pay Equality. The definition of equality in the Declaration of Independence states that, â€Å"all men are created equal.† According to this constitution that we live in correlation with, it suggest and says that we are the same, no one is greater than anyone, whether it be a woman or man. In response to the statement, why should women be paid less than men? Woman should and deserve the right be paid equally for the same jobs they possess in comparison to men. Women have alwaysRead MoreDefinition of Work and Equality898 Words   |  4 Pageswithin our labor force, where equality has been masked by unfairness, discrimination, and greed. Equality in relation to work is an undertaking for equal compensation, equal opportunity, and equal treatment in order to pursue a more fair and balanced work place. The systematic definition of equality is described as the quality or state of being equal (Merriam Webster). The fight for equality first started during the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement was introduced with a goal to end discriminationRead MoreAn Ideal Society Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagessometimes wonder what life would be like if we could start all over and build a brand new society - a society that guarantees social justice for all groups and full rights to every individual. Would there be a way to make everything and everyone equal? From the beginning society has been judgmental in one way or another, rather it is through racism, sexism, or classicism. There has always been a group of people who declared themselves righteous above all others and if one was not a part of thisRead MoreWomen s Unpaid Labor By Susan M. Shaw And Janet Lee s Women1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking tea and cooking breakfast. Before the day ends, my mother would have cooked several meals, cl eaned several times and worked a full time job. My mother’s daily routine is not unique and has historically been done by women for centuries. Even today, women are supposed to do it all, have a family, and take care of the house/children and work full-time. Women who are in the workforce are unpaid and the work they do at home is viewed as inferior. They often deal with sexism and racism in the workplaceRead MoreWhite Privileges During The Past History1661 Words   |  7 PagesHerzing University 3/27/2016 They fought for their freedom, to not be slaves; they fought for their freedom to be an equal. But yet they are still paid lower and thought of as â€Å"problem people†. How is white privilege still seen today? White privileges are still happening today in our non-segregated era, we are thought to be equal but there are still imbalances with our social and economical ways. In this paper, I will discuss how white privilege was seen in the past historyRead MoreThe Issues Of Human Resource Personnel Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesperception of the company to the public a business is subject to laws that dictate what it can and cannot do in the course of doing business. Although many people are aware that some laws exist in regards to Civil Rights, Age Discrimination, and Equal Pay they may not know the specifics of the law or the consequences of non-compliance. Just like a company needs experts like accountants to manage the money or Quality Assurance departments to ensure a pro duct is produced; this lack of specific knowledgeRead MoreWomen and Flexibility in the Workplace Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus of this paper is to evaluate factors that have affected women`s pay in the workforce. The analysis of historical factors affecting women`s flexibility in the workplace as a continuous social and structural issue is added to the paper to explain the need for change because of the demands that accompany working female caregivers in the home. Historical and statistical data is provided to validate the issues surrounding unequal pay scales women commonly experience in the workplace. A hypothesis isRead MoreDiscrimination Essay : The American Dream805 Words   |  4 Pageshaven’t realized it yet, there’s a reason they call it a dream because it hardly becomes a reality. More and more people are realizing this so called â€Å"dream† is nothing but a hoax, and that the promises America assures and guarantees such as equal opportunity a nd equal success are nothing but pure manipulation. Furthermore, the American dream no longer stands by the virtue of discrimination and prejudice, overwhelming debt, and failed establishments. Discrimination is unfortunately tremendously common

Reading Between the Lines Essays - 914 Words

William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Lamb† is a simplistic poem until you read deeper into it and find a powerful and uplifting religious message about creation. Blake is able to draw people into his poem by having a young innocent child as the speaker, asking rhetorical questions to a lamb. Although he also throws irony into the second stanza by having the young child answer his own questions, asked in the first stanza. The poem has a tone so sweet and soft that it is not offensive in any means and is not affected by cynicism of the older generations. Blake’s poem is one of the most famous poems in English literature because of the spiritual message left between the lines. Blake chose to have a child as the speaker in his poem, he made that†¦show more content†¦(Gualdoni) The second stanza expresses a tone of joy whenever the child ironically reveals the answers with such a strong faith in his words. With the lines â€Å"I’ll tell thee†, and â⠂¬Å"He calls himself a Lamb†, the child shows excitement and joy for discovering a larger existence; God, has created this lamb that’s in front of him. The same line also consists of a paradox because he calls himself the lamb and a child at the same time, when Jesus is the symbol of the lamb. (Moore) Blake’s poem has a theme of spirituality, peace and creation. These ideas are created by words used such as â€Å"God†, â€Å"bless thee†, and â€Å"give thee life†. (Gualdoni) The description of the stream where the lamb is at expresses the kindness of God’s creation. (Moore)Blake also used allusions in his poem to help represent the themes. Christ is often referred to as a shepherd in the bible which displays spirituality. The lamb by itself is a symbol of peace, meekness, and sacrifice. Together the lamb laying with the lion is also a sign of peace.(Gualdoni) Blake uses a metaphor to compare Jesus to a lamb. Jesus was God’s sac rifice to creation, he was the sacrificial lamb, and Jesus was sacrificed on the cross to create more peace in the world. The poem was written as a religious hymn, with two stanzas. Each stanza has five rhymed couplets, the first two and last two lines of each stanza are viewed as the chorus of a song or a refrainShow MoreRelatedReading Between the Lines Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesand Seymour’s relationship, telling the story about the bananafish, and revealing Seymour’s unique social life. To begin with, Seymour’s relationship with Muriel, his wife, may have been a factor that influenced him to kill himself. â€Å"The marriage between Seymour and Muriel is shown as one that is unhappy, empty, and distant† (Kerr 97). Before Seymour kills himself he glances at Muriel, who is sleeping. This indicates that Muriel is on his mind in his last moments, and could have been something thatRead MoreLesbian Honesty: Reading Between the Lines1251 Words   |  5 Pageswith panic, or phobia, amongst those who were afraid of potential sexual desires with one another. Lesbians were considered â€Å"Sapphic monstrosities† (Michel 351). In placing female characteristics on all characters in the novel Michel argues, in â€Å"Reading Mothers and Lovers†, that Victor Frankenstein’s â€Å"maternal anxiety† and his creature’s unfulfilled desire for a female is a doubling of them reflecting with their female counterparts under the lesbian contin uum (Michel 355). In â€Å"Difference and Desire†Read MoreReading Between The Lines: The Hidden Meaning Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead653 Words   |  3 PagesReading Between The Lines (An analysis of the hiding meaning within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead) As Buddha once said, â€Å"Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.† In the text Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, everything that is said between the characters is a metaphor, a meaning within a meaning. This isn’t an uncommon trait as can be seen within the many different kinds of writings that are games. There are many different things that happen withinRead MoreReading between the Lines: Use of Space and Body Language in Caryl Churchills Top Girls1364 Words   |  6 Pagesinteresting. A traditional view exists that a play is dictated by the text to the extent that the actors ought not to deviate from a pure reading. This theory emphasises authorial control and allows performers little opportunity to interpret the text for the audience. A competing view is that a play is a complete entity only when performed, aiming for a collaboration between playwright, director, performers, and audience. Churchill is often thought to take this collaborative approach to her plays, leavingRead MoreReading Between the Text Message Lines: How a Culture Becomes Dependent on Electronic Communication and Changes Language Skills Forever.1902 Words   |  8 PagesDavid G. Fisher Professor Hallawell English 249 (Linguistics) 25 October 2011 Reading between the text message lines: How a culture becomes dependent on electronic communication and changes language skills forever. They are everywhere, in schoolyards, high school halls, businesses and even our own homes and they are having an effect on our culture at this very minute. You may even be reading this on one right now. They are cell phones and more and more they are being used for more thanRead More D.C. Berrys On Reading Poems to a Senior Class at South High1043 Words   |  5 PagesD.C. Berrys On Reading Poems to a Senior Class at South High In On Reading Poems to a Senior Class at South High by D.C. Berry, the author vividly portrays the interactive experience of a poetry reading between a senior high school class and its teacher. The event is compared to a school of fish excitedly swimming around an aquarium until a sudden rupture in the aquarium causes everyone to leak out. Berry uses form, sound devices, and poetic devices to enhance the different levels ofRead MoreLevelling Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagespoints are specified. 2) The automatic level is set up on the tripod and levelled 3) Two assistants were holding the leveling stuffs (the bubble was used to check level stuff is horizontally set up). 4) A reading is taken from the known point to where first levelling stuff stands (Back Sight reading) (as shown below). Figure 4: the procedure of leveling Accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/312031900_fig1_Figure-1-Spirit-levelling-procedure on 17Read MoreAnalysis Of The Speaker By Mortimer J. Adler938 Words   |  4 PagesJack Nguyen AP English 3 21 July, 2015 AP English 3: Assignment 2 â€Å"How to Mark a Book† by Mortimer J. Adler, Ph.D.: Who is the Speaker? As seen in the passages, the speaker is a highly philosophical and educated person in the field of critical reading. For instance, the speaker makes many comparison such as buying a beefsteak and eating it and distinguishing whether a book owner owns woodpulp and ink or the book itself. The speaker stated that even though one may have the beefsteak in their iceboxRead MoreThe Effect Of Ph On The Ph Of A Solution1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough titrations of phosphate solutions, acidic HCl, and basic NaOH, with distilled water. The intent was to note the changes caused by the buffer by observing the buffering range and buffering capacity from the standard curved created from the pH readings. A buffering range is the pH range in which a buffer has effectively neutralized the acids and bases, while maintaining a constant pH. Buffering capacity, on the other hand is the measure of the efficiency of buffer in its resistance to pH changeRead MoreRecitation: Choral Reading1387 Words   |   6 PagesRecitation \ Reading Aloud Dr. Catherine W. Cordeiro Aims : When you have finished \ completed the reading you should be able to: See the difference between singing and recitation Features of recitation Types of recitation Planning the recitation Pre – task: 1. Is singing the same as reading aloud? 2. Do you think reading aloud is important? 3. Do you need listeners for this activity? 4. Does

Things Not Seen free essay sample

Things Not Seen Author: Andrew Clements Genre: Fiction Favorite Character amp; Why: My favorite character in this story was Robert Phelps also known as â€Å"Bobby†, because Bobby feels invisible to his parents, even before he actually is invisible. He feels like they put work before him, and don’t notice what he wants or who he is, which I can relate to. Reasons I liked this Book: The reasons I liked this book is because it shows how this teenager has to deal with being invisible and not knowing if he’ll ever go back to normal. Also because this book makes you think about how you would feel and deal with the fact knowing that you’re invisible and no one can see you. Summary: Fifteen year old Bobby Phillips wakes up one morning and discovers he’s become invisible. After he proves to his parents that je has turn invisible he is forced to stay at home and not to tell anyone that he has become invisible. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Not Seen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then Bobby’s parents get into a car accident that causes them to be hospitalized. So Bobby then meets a blind girl named Alicia in a library. And later on learns that about Bobby’s â€Å"condition† that he has. Later on the law gets involved and investigates why Bobby has not been seen, which could end up with his parents in jail. On this difficult journey that Bobby has to face with his parents and his new friend Alicia by his side to help him find out why he has become invisible. 1st Quote: I cant see myself! You cant see me. I cant be seen like, Im invisible! † (3) This quote is important because it shows how scared Bobby is and how he reacts to his parents about him not being able to see himself. This can give you an idea on how he will deal with him being invisible later on. 2nd Quote: â€Å"But then come the tears. Mom slumps down in her chair and starts crying, and I cant take that. I can never take that. †   (6) This shows how Bobby’ s Condition is begging to affect his mother.

Encounter with Mercury

Introduction The solar system is comprised of nine planets and each planet rotates on its own axis. Mercury is the innermost planet because of its close proximity to the sun.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Encounter with Mercury specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This planet can hardly support any life because the temperatures within its atmosphere are very high1, 2. However, it is difficult to observe Mercury because the sun’s rays create a high contrast, which in return blurs the image. Perhaps this is why astronauts could not explore the entire planet at a go2. The first spaceship to ever land in mercury was the Mariner 10 in 1974. In March 2011, another spaceship by the name messenger (Mercury, Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) landed in mercury to complete the unfinished business that was commenced by Mariner 10 2, 3 .This paper will therefore focus on the location of mercury with respect to the solar system. Besides that, the paper will analyze the expedition of the Messenger on mercury’s surface. Figure 1 – Mercury 9 The distance between the nine planets of the solar system is very wide such that human carriers such as planes cannot cover the distance. It is in this regard that scientists invented the rockets. After the rockets were developed, astronauts have been able to explore the other planets that surround the sun 3, 4. Mercury has been of much interest because it is very close to the sun. One would think that it is not necessary to know about the other planets because each planet exists independently. However, the planets depend on one common source of natural lighting and thus, understanding what happens in the other planets would enable us to prepare for future changes such as global warming. Mercury basics Mercury Composition Mercury is comprised of metallic compounds that emit magnetic fields that are weaker than those of the earth 9. The density of this planet is almost the same to that of the earth and this explains why the winds carried the eroded soils. If its density were low, the soils would have remained on its surface. The landscape of mercury has many escarpments, mountains and craters.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 2 – Mercury’s Landscape There are also low-lying grounds that suggest that the planet has been dormant for a long time 6. Falling comets and asteroids must have caused the craters. These two objects must have landed on mercury’s surface during a volcanic eruption; otherwise, they would not have left permanent impressions. The craters cover hundreds of kilometers and some are more than a thousand kilometers wide 7, 30. Just like the earth, mercury’s core is comprised of molten lava due to high temperatures. The falling comets pierced through its core, wh ich caused the molten magma to leak into the pools that the falling objects created. Mercury is very small compared to the other planets. One would thus expect it to go round the sun much faster than the other planets but contrary to this, its speed is relatively slow. It takes 59 days to complete one round 8, 20. The earth takes 365 days, which adds up to one calendar year. This rotation is what brings the changes in seasons. For instance, during certain months days are longer than nights and vice versa. That is why darkness takes longer to set in. The metallic components cause mercury most of the light it receives from the sun and that is why it can be confused with the moon. There is hardly any water or even water vapor for that matter on mercury’s atmosphere 5. This is because the high temperatures would evaporate the water. But amazingly there is frozen water beneath the craters and it seems the craters shield the ice water from the high temperatures because if this was not the case the ice would have been melted and eventually evaporate into the thin air. Mercury does not have an atmosphere, but the exosphere, which has metallic compounds such as potassium, helium, hydrogen and sodium 10, occupies this vacuum. Besides that, the orbit of this planet hindered its possible exploration. Mercury has a higher orbit speed and thus the spaceship must travel at very fast speeds because any kind of hesitation would cause the entire house consumed.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Encounter with Mercury specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above statement may not sound logical because mercury is in close proximity with the sun and thus the rays of sun are still much stronger when they land on its surface11. In fact, the temperatures in this planet can exceed 400 degrees Celsius during the day and subside to lows of negative one hundred and seventy. It is important to note that its not al l craters in mercury that contain ice water and hence the ice limited to north and south poles which are at the extreme ends of the planet and thus they rarely come into contact with sun light 11, 12. It is possible to see mercury via a telescope. One can spot the planet on the western skies before the fall of darkness and early in the morning on the eastern skies 12. However, one cannot see the whole image because light does not shine on the entire planet. The planet appears in phases similar to those of the moon such as half and full. Table 1 – Properties of Mercury 39 Mariner 10 Mariner 10 was the first spaceship that NASA (National Aeronautics and Space administration) deployed to mercury in 1974. This model aimed at eliciting an understanding of mercury’s environment, features and atmosphere 13. Among the tools fitted on the Mariner 10 included cameras with digital tape recorder, ultraviolet spectrometer, infrared radiometer, solar plasma, charged particles, mag netic fields, radio occultation and celestial mechanics. Figure 3 – Mariner 10 26Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without the enhancements, Mariner 10 would not have captured any images. This is because taking the images was supposed to happen when the spaceship was in motion. For instance, the digital camera ensured that the ship would capture as many images as possible 14. Scientists and explores aligned the spaceship to mercury’s orbit and that is how it managed to analyze the movements of this planet. The radio transmitters were to be used to transmit the findings captured on tape to the experts in NASA’s offices. The expedition did not last for long because the ship ran out of gas, which led to termination of its transmitter’s portal 15. However, scientists believe that the ship still goes round the sun, but this argument is far from being true because NASA received the last signal in 1975. NASA officials argue that the devices that are responsible for conveying information from the ship failed due to their exposure to the radiations from the sun. In essence, the marin er was able to cover 40% of mercury because the sunlight struck only one of the planets and thus, when the spaceship flew over it the images covered only one area while the rest of the planet was shadowed 16. The need for messenger Since Mariner 10 did not complete its mission, NASA decided to deploy another spaceship to provide more information on Mercury. The ship was called Messenger (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) 16, 17. Just as its name suggests, the ship was destined for mercury with the aim of analyzing the planet’s environment and the chemical matter on the planet’s surface. Messenger was launched to address the following specific questions about Mercury 38: What was the planetary formational process of Mercury? Was it through volcanism or coverage by particles from craters? How can we describe the history of Mercury in regards to geologic concepts? What are the state and source of the planet’s magnetic composition? What is the nature and size of Mercury’s iron core? What are the essential volatile species on Mercury? What are the radar-reflective components at the planet’s surface? Messenger used the same approach like its predecessor, the Mariner 10. Messenger was bound to capture more information regarding mercury due to its advanced mechanisms. Messenger strives to address the questions above because the ship still sends information back to earth. More truth waits to be unveiled through space expeditions because now, Mercury is out of bound due to unfavorable weather conditions. In this regard, space explorations have advanced our knowledge about the solar system. The solar system is far from complete exploration because newer technologies are still emerging to ensure we are able to get more information regarding Mercury. The flyovers have been very useful because scientists have been able to understand the compositions of other planets during the epic flyovers. The position of Me rcury favors space expeditions because it is very close to the sun, and thus the data obtained from it is essential to reflect the composition at the core of solar system. The space explorations help us to understand why the earth is the only planet that can support life. Messenger Messenger’s mission was commissioned in 2004 by NASA 18.The first departure took place in January 2008. This implies that the probe team needed four years to prepare for the departure to ensure that the occurrence experienced with Mariner 10 does not recur 19. Nevertheless, during the first departure the spaceship navigated over the skies of mercury and managed to capture numerous images of the planet including the other half that Mariner 10 did not cover. Test Drive The second departure happened in October 2008.The ship had earlier been tested in 2005 by NASA who made the ship to navigate the area over the earth’s surface 20. During this period of test drive NASA was certain that all the eq uipment were going to function as intended. The ship was able to analyze the compounds in the earth’s atmosphere. Besides that, the tools fitted on the ship were able to gauge the magnitude of the earth’s magnetism 21. Engineers repeated these tasks once the ship in the Mercury’s orbit. In October 2006, Messenger navigated the space adjacent to Venus with the aim of acquiring geological knowledge on the planet. However, NASA did not accomplish the mission because the earth was in a position that prevented the sun from emitting radiation, and thus it was difficult to capture the images without natural light 22. The explorers had to repeat the fly over session in June 2007 because the first one did not bear any fruits. During this second episode, the tools mounted on the ship were able to capture images on the surface of Venus. This success was because of the sun’s radiation that created ultraviolet rays, thus enhancing the imaging process 23. The camera ca ptured the images in x-ray format. Encounter with Mercury After the first and the second flyovers in 2008 were successful, Messenger decided to make the last navigation in 2009. It is important to note that the aim of each flyover was to capture more information than the previous one and therefore the ship had to fly deeper to get a clear view. During this last session, the speed of the ship declined and thus it had to proceed in safe mode 24. This challenge did not hinder it from navigating the space but it eventually led to loss of data captured. However, scientists managed to control the situation seven hours later. The ship had to go deeper into the space, and it was difficult to achieve this objective without altering the velocity of the ship. Engineers executed the DSM-5, which was part of the ship to earn the magnitude of velocity that was necessary to enhance the integration process. Figure 4 – Messenger Orbiting Mercury 13 If DMS-5 was not eliminated the ship would not have been able to move faster once it reached the sun’s gravity pond. In addition, the ship would have consumed a lot of fuel to travel at a higher speed 25. In March 2011, NASA managed to incorporate Messenger at a strategic position in Mercury’s orbit to shield it from the sun’s radiation. Spaceship Design The entire structure of the ship measures 1.82 meters, which is its height and a corresponding width of 1.27 meters 26. The engineers hoist the structure using graphite fiber materials, which ensure that the propellant tanks remain in their place. The graphite panels is made into a compartment that houses the LVA(large velocity adjust) thrust, attitude regulators, rectification thrusters, antennas, instrument pallet and extensive ceramic textile material. The ship’s luggage capacity cannot exceed 607.8 kilograms 27. Four 22N monopropellant thrusters direct the ship when the engine executed the10 thrusters at the initial stage. The attitude regulat ors, through a response wheel attitude-regulator system use the monopropellant thrusters. Attitude regulation is induced by information availed by star trackers in conjunction with inertial system and six sun sensors 28. Two small deep space transponders convey information through the deep space network. The DSN is aided by three antennas that transmit signals at different intervals that are high, medium and low 28. All the three antennas have the capacity to convey 8.4 GHz of signal. On the other hand, they cannot accept signals beyond 7.2 GHz. The antennas are on the uppermost front such that they are in the sun’s line of view. Another pair of three antennas is on the rear of the ship 29. This positioning of antennas ensures that they can get signals from the surrounding environment before and after approaching the planet. The spaceship obtains power from a two panel solar array that generates 450 watts. Each of the panel is movable which means they can rotate as the positi on of the sun changes. The panels are fitted with reflectors to divert excess solar energy. The solar energy is stored in a 23-ampere nickel hydrogen battery. Besides, a computerized system operates The Messenger. IBM manufactures the processors of the system and they are highly resistant to radiation. One of the processors is 25 MHz. This capacity is ideal because this processor handles most of the tasks in the system. The other processor is 10 MHz and is responsible for rectifying any errors that may arise during the ship’s expedition 30. The ship has recorders that are specialized for capturing still images and has the storage capacity of one gigabyte. The recorders have a processor that keeps the information obtained from the space in compressed formats, which the machine then conveys to NASA offices for interpretation purposes. This means that if the spaceship downloads information to the wrong target, the data would be irrelevant. The spaceship employs a SciBox applicat ion program to induce the functionality of the tools that are responsible for capturing images and radiations 31. The program ensures that each tool functions independently to avoid a clash of system request. This is similar to interrupt requests allocated to computer devices to ensure that the system understands the device that seeks its attention. Tools on the Spaceship The Messenger has many instruments that enhance its performance. They include numerous CCD cameras. Among the cameras, two of them are unique in their specification because they capture images at broad and narrow angles 32. These cameras have extremely high resolutions because their lenses have 250 pixels and that capability is limited to every 250 meters. Figure 5 – Imaging System 30 The wide-angle camera captures colored images when need arises. The cameras reside on a raised surface but most times, they are on top of edges of pointed structures. The wide-angle camera is useful because it helps to draw a line between objects that are in a given image. Without the cameras, it would be very difficult to analyze the features of mercury because the spaceship does not stop during the expedition. Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) gauges the gamma rays received from the core of mercury. This device is capable of detecting the presence of certain compounds in the gamma rays 33. The compounds that are most likely to be contained in gamma rays emitted from the core of a given planet include oxygen, silicon, sulphur, iron, hydrogen, potassium, thorium and uranium. Figure 6 – Components of Messenger Neutron Spectrometer (NS) analyzes hydrogen compounds in a given mineral matter within a range of forty centimeters. This analysis commences when cosmic rays meet the surface of the mineral. This means that the cosmic rays penetrate forty centimeters into the surface of the mineral. Without this ability, it would be difficult to understand the composition of the minerals because the materials are difficult to extract 33. Figure 7 – X-ray Spectrometer 16 The x-ray spectrometer (XRS) enables one to see the inside of the surface of mercury by identifying the x-ray spectral dimensions originating from magnesium, aluminum, sulphur, calcium, iron and titanium within a range of 1-10 keV. This device uses the same technology as x-ray equipments used in diagnosis of humans. Through x-ray imaging, we are able to understand the core structure of mercury. The magnetometer (MAG) gauges the magnetic field from the core of a given planet. The same tool determines whether the magnetic field is strong or weak 34. The earth has a stronger magnetic field than that of mercury: the MAG elicited this information. The Mercury laser altimeter (MLA) evaluates the heights of tall features on the surface of mercury such as mountains and ridges. Scientists obtain the exact details of land formations when the infrared light lands on the surface of mercury and because while the ship is in motion , it derives the figures when the light is departing from a given area. Additionally, the mercury atmospheric and surface composition spectrometer (MASCS) analyzes the attributes of mercury’s atmosphere. This knowledge emerges because the machine traps the ultraviolet rays that fall on the surface of mercury when they are being refracted 35. The reflectance helps is detecting the presence of titanium and iron on the surface of mercury. Besides that, the charged particle and plasma spectrometer (EPPS) gauges the charged particles that are within mercury’s magnetosphere by employing a charged particle spectrometer to observe the charged particle that is obtained from the surface of mercury during the use of fast imaging plasma spectrometer. Messenger Data to-Date The expeditions of Messenger into mercury have inspired other agencies to embark on their own missions. Japan is planning to combine its efforts with Bepicolombo, which is a European agency in a bid to deploy a spaceship to mercury 36. The two entities have two common agendas, which entail understanding the map of the planet and evaluating the magnetosphere of the same planet. Bepicolombo is committed to penetrating the orbit of mercury by the year 2019. This is because the agency aims at gaining geological knowledge of planets that are adjacent to mercury in its first years. This is to suggest that they will employ the same tactics of flying over the planet several times 37. The approach is ideal because it worked for mariner 10 and Messenger. The Russian Soyuz also expects to deploy their spaceship into the orbit of mercury. Conclusions It seems that geological agencies are focusing on understanding the structure of mercury. The space expeditions are significant because they help in eliminating assumptions. For instance, before the deployment of mariner 10 some people used to think mercury is a star while others thought it is a moon of its own kind. Other agencies should refer to the exp erience that Mariner 10 encountered to keep their distance from the sun to avoid coming into contact with radiations of the sun. Telescopic observations should also continue because they can also capture events as they unfold. The materials used to construct spaceship should be resistant to radiation such as the ones used on Messenger. Before deploying a spaceship into the space, engineers should test-drive it to prove that all the tools are functioning as expected. The structure of the spaceship should be flexible to take full advantage of the solar energy as was seen in Messenger. Moreover, engineers must not ignore scientific tools in a spaceship, and that means that a backup plan is required, just in case there is any fault. References â€Å"BepiColumbo – Background Science†. European Space Agency. Retrieved from http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/category/index.cfm?fcategoryid=4586 â€Å"Countdown to MESSENGER’s Closest Approach with Mercury†. Johns H opkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. January 14, 2008. Retrieved from http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?gallery_id=2image_id=115 â€Å"ESA gives go-ahead to build BepiColombo†. European Space Agency. February 26, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMC8XBE8YE_index_0.html â€Å"Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS)†. NASA / National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-02 â€Å"Magnetometer (MAG)†. NASA / National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-07 â€Å"Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)†. NASA / National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-01 â€Å"Mercury Elongation and Distance†. Retrieved from http://home.comcast.net/~kpheider/Mercury.txt —Numbers generated using the Solar Sy stem Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System â€Å"Mercury†. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved from http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=MercuryDisplay=OverviewLong â€Å"MESSENGER Engine Burn Puts Spacecraft on Track for Venus†. SpaceRef.com. Retrieved from http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=18956 â€Å"MESSENGER Gains Critical Gravity Assist for Mercury Orbital Observations†. MESSENGER Mission News. Retrieved from http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/ â€Å"MESSENGER Mercury Orbit Insertion† (Press release). NASA/APL. March 18, 2011. Retrieved from http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/news_room/Mercury_PK_TST_Rev7_Web.pdf â€Å"NASA Spacecraft Circling Mercury†. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2011/03/17/science/AP-US-SCI-Mercury.html?_r=1ref=science â€Å"Space Topics: Compare the Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, The Moon, and Mars†. Planetary Society. Retrieved from http:/ /www.planetary.org/explore/topics/compare_the_planets/terrestrial.html â€Å"The Medium-gain Antenna of the MESSENGER Spacecraft†. Microwave Journal. October 1, 2005. â€Å"The Medium-gain Antenna of the MESSENGER Spacecraft†. Microwave Journal. October 1, 2005. Retrieved from http://www.mwjournal.com/Journal/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_110 â€Å"X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)†. NASA / National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved 2011-02-19. Retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=2004-030A-03 Bakich, M. E. (2000). The Cambridge Planetary Handbook. New York: Cambridge University Press Baumgardner, J., Mendillo, M., Wilson, J. K. (2000). A Digital High-Definition Imaging System for Spectral Studies of Extended Planetary Atmospheres. I. Initial Results in White Light Showing Features on the Hemisphere of Mercury Unimaged by Mariner 10. The Astronomical Journal, 119 (5): 2458–2464. Biswas, S. (2000). Cosmic Perspectives in Space Physics. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. New York: Springer. Correia, A.C. Laskar, J. (2004). Mercury’s capture into the 3/2 spin–orbit resonance as a result of its chaotic dynamics. Nature, 429 (6994): 848–850. Dantowitz, R. F., Teare, S. W., Kozubal, M. J. (2000). Ground-based High-Resolution Imaging of Mercury. Astronomical Journal, 119 (4): 2455–2457. Lakdawalla, E (2008, July 3). MESSENGER Scientists ‘Astonished’ to Find Water in Mercury’s Thin Atmosphere. The Planetary Society. Retrieved from http://www.planetary.org/news/2008/0703_MESSENGER_Scientists_Astonished_to.html Espenak, F. (2005, April 21). Transits of Mercury. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved from http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/MercuryCatalog.html Fleming, N. (2008, January 18). Star Trek-style ion engine to fuel Mercury craft. The Telegraph Grayzeck, E. (2008, April 2). Mariner 10. NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA. Retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc. nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-085A Walker, J. Mercury Chaser’s Calculator. Fourmilab Switzerland. Retrieved from http://www.fourmilab.ch/images/3planets/elongation.html Kelley, D. H., Milone, E. F., Aveni, A.F. (2004). Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. Birkhà ¤user. L. V. Ksanfomality (2006). Earth-based optical imaging of Mercury. Advances in Space Research, 38 (4): 594. Laskar, J.; Gastineau, M. (2009, June 11). Existence of collisional trajectories of Mercury, Mars and Venus with the Earth. Nature, 459 (7248): 817–819 McClintock, W. Lankton, M. (2007). The Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer for the MESSENGER Mission. Space Science Reviews, 131(1): 481–521. Moore, P. (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. New York: CRC Press. Roylance, F. (2011, March 17). Messenger successfully goes into orbit around Mercury. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-03-17/news/bs-m d-messenger-orbit-20110317_1_mercury-orbit-messenger-spacecraft-nasa-s-messen Schaefer, B. E. (2007). The Latitude and Epoch for the Origin of the Astronomical Lore in Mul.Apin. American Astronomical Society Meeting 210, #42.05 (American Astronomical Society) 38, 157 Srinivasan, D.K., Perry, M.E., Karl, B. F, Smith, D.E., Maria, T.Z. (2007). The Radio Frequency Subsystem and Radio Science on the MESSENGER Mission. Space Science Reviews, 131(1), 557–571. Staff. (2008). MESSENGER: Mercury and Ancient Cultures. NASA JPL. Retrieved from http://www.messenger-education.org/elusive_planet/ancient_cultures_2.php Tariq, M. (2004, August 16). â€Å"MESSENGER to test theory of shrinking Mercury†. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-08-16-mercury-may-shrink_x.htm Tunà § T. (2003, January 22). Total Solar Eclipse of 2006 March 29. Department of Physics at Fizik Bolumu in Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.physics.metu.edu.tr/~aat/TSE2006/TSE2006.html S prague, A. L. Mercury: A World of Fire and Ice. Retrieved from http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/mercury/messenger.pdf â€Å"Planet Mercury Data†. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~willman/planetary_systems/Sol/Mercury/ This report on Encounter with Mercury was written and submitted by user Cale Bolton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chapter 9 A.P U.S History Essay Example

Chapter 9 A.P U.S History Essay Example Chapter 9 A.P U.S History Essay Chapter 9 A.P U.S History Essay Chapter 9 Essay Although President Jackson was a champion of democracy and egalitarianism, there are some instances where he takes advantage of his presidential powers and uses him for his own benefits and beliefs and not for the good of the country. President Jackson did a lot of good for the early Democratic Party though. He helped expand voting and focused on destroying monopolies like the national bank that he believed were harming the nation. He did however take manners into his own hands at times. For instance disregarding Supreme Court rulings. Enacting Military action on a state and Vetoing bills like the Maysville road that wouldVe helped the union, but since he didnt approve he vetoed it. President Jackson did a fantastic Job of expanding democracy. In his presidency he expanded the amount of voters from 27% in the election of 1824 to 58% in 1828 and by 1840 80% of adult white males were voting. Jackson thoroughly believed in equal protection and equal benefits, and that is the form of government he wanted. During Jacksons administration he believed in taking owers away from the rich and giving the common man more of it. In the Picture Jackson Tramples on the Constitution he is depicted as a monarchial king who tramples on the constitution and is called King Andrew the First. (Document A). This is because the opposing political party the Whigs wanted to keep power in the hand of the rich to create a more stable form of government and by Jackson vetoing the bill they thought he was abusing his Presidential Powers. Furthermore there were some instances where Jackson did abuse his political powers by blatantly disregarding the Constitution. In the case Worcester vs. Georgia. Cherokee Indians fought for their right to control their land which was roughly h the size of Georgia. We have a perfect and original right to remain in our lands without interruption or molestation. (Document B) Georgia fought to have them removed saying that they were uncivilized and couldnt assimilate into American culture, and that they made a contract with tribe leaders. In the case the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Worcester and the Cherokees. John Marshall said The Cherokee Indians have an unquestionable right to their territory until title should be extinguished by voluntary cession to the United States (Document B). Jackson disregarded this ruling and had the Indian Removal Act of 1830 put in place where he forced the Indians west of the Mississippi River along what is now known as The Trail of Tears. Furthermore although Jackson had his flaws he was still a great promoter of democracy and preserved the Union. In 1828 when the Tariff of Abomination was put into place the eople of South Carolina felt the tariffs were too high and would destroy their businesses. In response to this tariff The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was written. (Document E). This document said that Tariff acts are unconstitutional and that the State of South Carolina would consider them nullified and not obey them. Jacksons response to this was the Force Act which gave the President a right to use any means necessary to get people to obey the constitution. Although this didnt solve the crisis it showed Jackson wanted to preserve the union over all else. The reduced over 10 years to the old 1816 tariffs which was considered more moderate. In conclusion Jackson was an excellent President who was a champion of democracy and egalitarianism. He expanded political power to the common man and fought against a corporate monopoly which he felt was destroying the Union, the National Bank. Jackson did have his faults though he would override rulings and do what he saw fit. He would veto many bills despite what was right. Jackson had his issues but he was one of the greatest expanders of Democracy in our history.

Two Great Gothic Cathedrals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two Great Gothic Cathedrals - Essay Example In history, everyday buildings have always been made of materials that are readily to hand. This is the principal characteristic of all vernacular architecture. In an area where stone is widely available, that becomes the usual building material; where it is not, or is too difficult to work, brick or timber buildings will be found. Where good clay exists tiled floors will be common elsewhere they will be made of stone flags. Where timber is widely available joinery sections will be lavish; where it is scarce and costly to import they will be mean. Comparing the two cathedrals, we see that they are made of the same materials: stone, mixed with brightly colored stained glass, each depicting a religious story or a time-line of Jesus' life in great detail. Moreover, the floor-plans are almost the same. Both the Chartres Cathedral and Saint Patrick's Cathedral are centrally planned, entered through a narthex, followed by a long nave, with side aisles, leading to the transept crossing, and then culminating into the apse, reminiscent of the shape of a cross.

People understand and sublimate lives value and happiness in work Research Paper

People understand and sublimate lives value and happiness in work - Research Paper Example Indeed, hard work. People can only have access to quality and decent life when he has a work that is compensated equitably. This is because every day, people interact at the market using monetary values. Goods and products are exchanged and traded at the a given value and thus, income generation is a primordial task of every human being to gain both necessities and leisures of life. Everyone knows that a person can only acquire as much material possession depending on one’s purchasing power. There is delight and simple happiness when pockets are filled with a sum or when bank account is credited of an amount by the company in exchange for invested labour and skills. Updike (1999) related in at the very start of his story that this â€Å"sensuous pleasure of handling money carries into the very thought of it. A coin, too, bespeaks trust, passing from hand to hand as an abstract signified of value (p.1)† no matter how modest and miserable is the amount at the height of Great Depression. That amount, in exchange for poems and written works of literary writers, remained impressive because it (Updike, 1999) represented the amount of labor exacted from a person’s strength and use of mind. This concern for accumulation of wealth and the accounting of expenditures is demonstrated by how workers care for receipts as evidences of the value consumed. This is the reason why states have monetary policies; companies use business capital to profit; government tax revenues for operation and services; and, institutions generate resources for causes. The income and resource generated make up everything for all human beings to complete the meaning of existence. Thus, human beings existential causes rotate within the realm of his employment because this is the consummate means by how people engage and behave themselves in the market. This resonates the meaning why persons value their work so much and annex

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Construction Management Construction Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Construction Management Construction Essay Construction Management is a specialized management practice consisting of an arrangement of services applied to construction projects and programs through the planning, design, construction and post construction phases for the purpose of achieving project objectives including the management of quality, cost and time. It is also a faster pathway procurement method which enables work to begin on the early stages of construction while the design and documentation of later trade packages are being finalized. For instance, a client engages a construction manager to organize, let and supervise the trade packages. Construction management is useful in unstable economic and industrial climates by helping to reduce the time and cost of project delivery. Clients can change the specifications of later trade packages according to changing project requirements. Construction management is a discipline and management system specifically created to promote the successful execution of capital projects for owners. These projects can be complicated. The construction manager seeks to achieve a smooth inter face between trade contractors. This is an important factor as the successful completion of one trade package is to a large degree of reliant upon the satisfactory implementation of earlier or related packages. The construction manager must plan the works to ensure continuity and avoid possible delay claims against the principal. Construction management is perhaps best summed up as the procurement route whereby designers design, trade contractors detail and deliver their packages, and where the construction manager manages the process, leaving the client to lead and accept the risk on a project for which they are ultimately responsible. The situation, responsibilities and risks may vary significantly between construction managers. The Advantages of Construction Management The implementation of these management activities turns the planning, design and construction process into one which generates value and  maximizes control.   These activities add predictability to the outcome of the project from the planning phase to the completion of construction. A more professional Service is provided. Construction Management (CM) is recognized as a professional service. Therefore, even in public projects, the owner has the right to select a CM firm based on the company reputation and personal qualification. Responsibility is also stand an important issue in construction management. A construction manager is often selected early in the budget development process before the design team is selected to aid the owner in establish a budget and schedule that will be used to protect all financing, and then secure suitable and competitive design proposals. In addition, it also improves the concern between the contractor and the owner. Generally, a general contractor typically is less motivated to work with the owner to improve quality and costs, and is more focused on maximizing their profit. A greater teamwork is formed in this project. Normally, the owner selects the team such as project manager to represent the owner under the construction management based upon their track record. The relationship of a construction manager with a client is usually as an addition of the clientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s staff hired for the purpose of promoting project teamwork besides cost, schedule and quality control on the project. Greater staff flexibility is also one of the advantages of construction management. For instance, a construction manger can give an owner greater flexibility in dealing with income and relocation of workers within the ownerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s staff. The implementation of construction management improved the cost control and provides greater reliability and creativity. A construction manager typically provides cost estimating during the initial owner budgeting process, and further cost estimating and value engineering during the design phase of a project, costly and time consuming. Value engineering and cost reduction ideas are identified when they can still be implemented into the design. It also improved the communication within the team. For example,that construction managers often work for owners on subsequent projects, lessons learned as a team on one project are applied to future work. Disadvantages of Construction Management While Construction Management may be beneficial in some circumstances, owners should recognize that it may also have some disadvantages. The most significant disadvantage of many Construction Management contracting arrangements is that significant portions of the total services for which the Construction Manager is remunerated are not subject to competitive bidding. Consequently, it is much less likely that the Owner will be charged the lowest possible market rates for these services. A second commonly seen disadvantage is the open-ended nature of many Construction Management contractual arrangements, which unnecessarily expose the Owner to the risk of unanticipated cost increases. Depending on how the Construction Manager is to be remunerated, there may be a built-in disincentive for the Construction Manager to minimize costs (e.g. if there is a cost plus a percentage component in the Construction Management services contract). There can also be a built-in disincentive to complete t he work as quickly as possible (e.g. if the Construction Manager is paid additional money for additional time spent on the project). Contractual arrangements that may have this effect should be avoided. Alternatively, under CM as Constructor, and especially when no fast-tracking is intended, these concerns can be mitigated by establishing a guaranteed maximum price, or by converting the Construction Management services contract to a stipulated price construction contract prior to the commencement of construction. Unless and until this happens, Owners should be aware that the Construction Manager is not contractually committed to the construction cost estimate and that there exists the potential for significant unanticipated cost increases. (This may be somewhat offset however by the Construction Managers desire to maintain a reputation for meeting budgets.) While the security provided by a guaranteed maximum price, or a stipulated price, is often attractive to Owners, it should be borne in mind that this security comes at a price, since the guaranteed maximum price or stipulated price will invariably include a cushion to cover risks which may or may not materialize.

Book Review of Lytton Stracheys Elizabeth and Essx :: essays research papers

The tragic but yet romantic novel I read was called, Elizabeth and Essex. This novel is a biographical and historical book. The subject of the book is a â€Å"tragic history†. The author, Lytton Strachey, tells the reader a lot about these two â€Å"love birds† that were destined to be together. Whose name’s were Elizabeth and Essex. Lytton Strachey presents a very â€Å"well-rounded† picture of the book. I think it is very important for an author to present a good picture of the book because of one very IMPORTANT reason, for the reader to understand and to become more interested in the book, the author has to make the reader feel as if they were there discovering that piece of history that was created or a joke that was told. To me I think that the author’s purpose was several different things. Only because the book wasn’t only entertaining , but it was informing, and instructive. The author will do anything to make his/her book interesting and enjoyable to the public, so they try to squeeze in entertaining, informing, and instructive material into the book. The style of the book is what made it so special. It was VERY easy to understand, and at the same time it was exciting. Some readers may think a tragic, but yet romantic novel is hard to understand, but what they don’t know is that all books are easy to read. You are just stopping yourself too soon to learn it. This book had no problems with being beautifully written and understandable. Compared with the first book I read for the first nine weeks, I would say this book is 110 times better. (The book that I read the first nine weeks was called Abraham Lincoln as I knew him.) This book, Elizabeth and Essex, had everything that a book worm could ask for. Some interesting quotes and passages that I found were: on page 3 it said that the Earl of Essex, Elizabeth’s lover, was once her first cousin twice removed. Another one I read was on page 91. It was a quote that was quoted by Portia to Bassano, â€Å"but I fear you speak upon the rack, where men enforced do speak anything.

Information Security Overview Essay

In this paper I will be discussing some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management. What each of the frameworks of information security are, their pros and their cons. Which major perspectives to consider in information security management and framework choice. What organizational factors should be considered in framework choice? I will also attempt to come up with a better framework for information security. Some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management are, that they serve as a common ground for integrating all types of information security functions. It also helps answer question of how to react to information security issues. As well as, helping identify what the important components involved in establishing and maintaining information security initiatives. Since our information faces more potential security breaches than ever before (Ma, Schmidt, Pearson, 2009 p. 58). The information security frameworks are the follow ing: -Governance frameworks -Security frameworks -Risk management and risk assessment frameworks -Audit and assurance frameworks -Legal and regulatory frameworks The governance framework is very important because it gives us a road map for the application, evaluation and improvement of information security practices (Information Security Governance: Toward a Framework for Action). This frame work includes legislation, regulations, corporate structure, corporate culture and the importance of information security to the organization. It also acts as a mechanism to deliver value, mange performance and also mitigates risk. Another important fact about this  framework is that it gives us a way to assign accountability for each decision and performance. It ensures that policies, procedures, management and other related management techniques are all working hand in hand to achieve the organization’s goals. There aren’t many documents that define the roles, tasks and responsibilities of different senior members of an organization, just like in any other successful practice the need of support from senior management is needed. FISMA clarifies how that support has to be given. Some of the pros that governance frameworks bring to the table are as follows: It helps technology with business goals, it provided a framework for measuring and managing IS performance. It also facilitates compliance with external legislation and regulations. And last but not least, it helps ensure valuable technology solutions are delivered on time and on budget. Security standard framework consists of various guidelines, standards and regulations FISMA, NIST 800-39, HIPAA stand out to me. Each of these cover a wide range of needs that need to be followed in order to achieve a successful security framework. While FISMA is a more broad regulation that covers many government related issues, it still provides a good understanding of the division of responsibilities. NIST 800-39 delves into different risk management issues, which will be highlighted as I continue this research. Information security planning or strategy should be aligned with business objectives (Peltier, 2003 p.22) According to NIST 800-39 Risk management is a comprehensive process that requires organizations to: frame risk i.e. establish the context for risk-based decisions, assess risk and responds to risk once determined, and to monitor risk on an ongoing basis. This frame work is a fundamental requirement in which senior leaders and executives need to be committed to. There are many organizational risks, some of these are: i.e. program management risk, investment risks, legal liability risk and security. Information systems is also critical to the success of organizations achieving their objectives and strategic goals (NIST 800-39 p. 2). Some of the pros for Risk Management frame works are a) reducing the risk to an acceptable level if the risk cannot be eliminated, with which the organization it is still able to function safely. b) Risk can be transferred by using insurance policies by insuring that the company’s assets are protected for theft or destruction. Audit and assurance frameworks includes assessing and comparing what is actually happening in an  organization against what is actually supposed to be happening. Auditors can also be called to assess compliance with corporate security policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Some times as contractual commitments, either as a specific audit or solely in the course of routine audit assignment. Legal and regulatory frameworks, ensure that organizations are abiding by the requirements given by the different regulations like, FISMA, HIPPA and others. Failure to comply with the standards listed on these and other regulations can affect organizations in various ways; ranging from fines to jail time depending of the severity of the violation and the state where the violation is being committed. The some of the pros to this framework are that organizations will be more apt to follow what is required of them all the while protecting not only the customers’ sensitive informations but also the employee’s vital information. Some of the cons to these frameworks â€Å"A secure system is one that does what it’s supposed to† (Eugene Spafford). There is no way to ensure that all systems have the same state of security. Because not all systems do the same things. Therefore each individual organization or user must choose what type of security is important. In some cases security clashes with itself. Controls that might enhance confidentiality doesn’t necessarily support integrity. With all the time it takes to control integrity and confidentiality and how complex they each are, the availability is impacted. It does not come as a surprise that it is impossible to create a universal checklist of the items once implemented, will guarantee security. Security risks aren’t necessarily measurable, since the frequencies and impacts of future incidents are dependent on many different things that tend to be out of our control. If we don’t know what skills whoever is attempting to intrude or hack our systems is working with, it would be difficult to fight it, let alone predict it. Opposite to what some might believe, according to BOA’s Smith, â€Å"senior management is not the biggest hindrance to better security. Rather, th e middle management might represent one of the largest challenges because they impact the organization daily.† Many organizations find it difficult to stay in compliance with different government laws and regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley Act and HIPAA in addition to Payment card industry Data security Standards. It does not help the fact that there is a scarcity in security professionals who have the technical and engineering skills that  know how to explain the risks/rewards and the trade-off and can sell solutions within the organization. When choosing a framework in information security management we have to keep in mind different factors in order to have a successful framework. Some of these factors are, the goals of the organization; we have to establish the information security objectives, these should be strategic, organizational focus and made by executive-level management, since they have a better grasp of the whole business goals and limitations. We also have to be aware of the fact that organizational goals, structure and information security management strategy has to change as different environmental factors like, technology business and legislation frequently evolve. Another important factor is the culture of the organization need to be the same for everyone involve, from the CISO to the administrative assistant. After all the extensive reading, my framework would have a continuous risk management and risk assessment frame work, security controls that align perfectly with the goals of the business and the culture of not only the organization but the entire workforce. I would achieve this by implementing quarterly training on the importance of ISM and how it affects everyone involved. I believe that everyone should be kept informed as to what our IS goals are by showing them how we have failed or succeeded. On the chance that we have failed we can have the employees propose how we can make it better. When we involve everyone affected they will take it more seriously. There are different types of frameworks that make up the information security management framework. Which address the needs for a functional ISM framework and details the obligations of those in an organization while providing the standards, guidelines, legislations and regulations the all have to abide by. And how the lack of a proper framework can affect those in the organization. Reference Ma, Q., Schmidt, M., & Pearson, J. (2009). An integrated framework for information security managemtn. doi: Review of Business Dempsey, K., Chawla, N., Johnston, R., Jones, A., Orebaugh, A., Scholl, M., Stine, K., & Johnson, A. U.S Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2001). Information security continuous monitoring for federal information systems and organizations (800-137). Gaithersburg, MD D. Smith (Jonson, M., & Goetz, E. (2007). Embedding information security into the organization. 17.) Eugene Spafford. (I’m sorry, but I lost the article where I got his quote from)